What is Hip Dysplasia?
Hip dysplasia is a common joint condition where the hip joint doesn't develop properly, leading to looseness (laxity) and misalignment of the femoral head and the hip socket. This can cause the femoral head to slip out of place, which, over time, leads to joint damage and osteoarthritis. While hip dysplasia is most common in large breed dogs, smaller dogs and even cats can also be affected.
Early detection of Hip Dysplasia
Early detection is key to managing hip dysplasia and preventing long-term joint damage. One of the most effective ways to screen for hip dysplasia in dogs is through PennHIP (Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program) x-rays. PennHIP offers an advanced method for assessing the degree of hip joint laxity and is capable of detecting hip issues as early as 16 weeks of age. This early screening allows veterinarians to intervene proactively, potentially reducing the risk of arthritis and other complications associated with hip dysplasia.
Why PennHIP Screening is Important
Dogs with high joint laxity are more likely to develop hip dysplasia as they mature. By detecting early signs of laxity, owners and veterinarians can take steps to manage the condition before it progresses to osteoarthritis, potentially improving the dog’s long-term mobility and quality of life.
What to Expect During a PennHIP Evaluation
The PennHIP evaluation involves taking a series of x-rays while the dog is under mild sedation. The procedure is quick and generally well-tolerated by most dogs. The veterinarian will assess the degree of joint laxity based on the radiographs and assign a distraction index (DI) score, which helps predict the likelihood of hip dysplasia developing.
Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS) Surgery
What is JPS Surgery?
Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) is a surgical procedure that can help prevent or mitigate the progression of hip dysplasia in young dogs. The procedure involves prematurely closing the pubic symphysis—the growth plate between the pelvic bones—while the dog is still growing. This encourages the hip socket to rotate downward, allowing it to better cover the femoral head. This realignment reduces the likelihood of the femoral head sliding out of the joint, which ultimately helps prevent the development of arthritis.
When Should JPS Surgery Be Performed?
The JPS procedure is most effective when performed on puppies younger than 20 weeks of age. PennHIP screening at 16 weeks is ideal for identifying dogs at risk for hip dysplasia. Large breed dogs such as Labradors, Rottweilers, German Shepherds, and Golden Retrievers—which are genetically predisposed to hip dysplasia—should be screened at this age. If early signs of hip laxity are detected, JPS surgery may help prevent or delay the onset of arthritis, improving long-term joint health.
What to Expect from JPS Surgery
The surgery itself involves a small incision between the hind limbs to expose the pubic bone. The growth plate in the pubic bone is cauterized to stop it from growing. As the other bones of the pelvis continue to grow, the hip socket rotates into a more optimal position, better covering the femoral head. This helps prevent joint instability. The procedure is generally low-risk, with most dogs going home on the same day.
For more information about early screening, please book an appointment with your veterinarian.
